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Hans Nielsen Hauge (3 April 1771 – 29 March 1824) was a noted Lutheran lay minister who led a Pietism revival in Norway. Hauge is also considered to have been influential in the early industrialization of Norway.〔Steinar Thorvaldsen. ''( Hans Nielsen Hauge 200-year Jubileum )''. Tromsø University College (Norwegian).〕 〔(James E. Kiefer: ''Hans Nielsen Hauge, Renewer of the Church'' (justus.anglican.org) )〕 ==Biography== Hans Nielsen Hauge was born the fifth of ten children in his ancestral farm of Hauge in Tune in the county of Østfold. His father was Niels Mikkelsen Evenrød (1732–1813) and mother Maria Olsdatter Hauge (1735–1811). He had a poor and otherwise ordinary youth until 5 April 1796, when he received his "spiritual baptism" in a field near his farm. Within two months, he had founded a revival movement in his own community, written a book, and decided to take his mission on the road. He wrote a series of books in his lifetime. In a total of 18 years, he published 33 books. Estimates are that 100,000 Norwegians read one or more of them, at a time when the population was 900,000 more-or-less literate individuals.〔"(Hans Nielsen Hauge – norsk legpredikant )," ''Store norske leksikon''.〕 In the next several years, Hauge traveled - mostly by foot - throughout most of Norway, from Tromsø in the north to Denmark in the south. He held countless revival meetings, often after church services. In addition to his religious work, he offered practical advice, encouraging such things as settlements in Northern Norway. He and his followers were persecuted, though their teachings were in keeping with Lutheran doctrine. He began preaching about "the living faith" in Norway and Denmark after a mystical experience that he believed called him to share the assurance of salvation with others. At the time, itinerant preaching and religious gatherings held without the supervision of a pastor were illegal, and Hauge was arrested several times.〔Steinar Thorvaldsen (2010). ''(A Prophet Behind the Plough )''. University of Tromsø, Eureka Digital.〕 Hauge faced great personal suffering and state persecution: his first wife died and three of his four children died in infancy. He was imprisoned no less than 14 times between 1794 and 1811, accused of witchcraft and adultery, and of violating the Conventicle act of 1741 (at the time, Norwegians did not have the right of religious assembly without a Church of Norway minister present). His time in prison broke his health and led to his premature death. Upon his release from prison in 1811, he took up work as a farmer and industrialist at Bakkehaugen near Christiania (present day's Oslo), and in 1815 he married Andrea Andersdatter, who died in childbirth. In 1817, he remarried Ingeborg Marie Olsdatter and bought the Bredtvet farm (now the site of Bredtvet Church in Oslo) where he died.〔Lars Walker, "(An American, Unawares )," ''The American Spectator'' (Oct. 16, 2007).〕〔James Kiefer, "(Hans Nielsen Hauge 28 March 1824 )" (Lutheran Calendar, March 29)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hans Nielsen Hauge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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